为明确西瓜中残留农药的种类、残留风险水平及最大残留限量建议值，本文以2018年和2019年山东、新疆、海南、广西4省422份西瓜样品为研究对象，开展了60种农药残留的定量分析，进而通过急慢性膳食摄入风险、风险排序、农药最大残留限量估计值等，对残留农药膳食风险、风险相对较高残留农药种类、最大残留限量进行了分析与探讨。结果显示：残留农药共18种，其中嘧霉胺、多菌灵、啶虫脒、烯酰吗啉残留样品所占比例相对较高，分别为18.25%、16.59%、14.22%、13.27%；残留农药的%ADI和%ARfD值分别处于0.0000%～0.0112%和0.1191%～39.7521%之间，远小于100%；甲维盐、哒螨灵、三唑磷3种农药的风险得分分别为24.02、24.02、24.12，风险相对较高；9种残留农药尚未制定最大残留限量，8种符合制定最大残留限量的要求，其中吡虫啉和三唑磷残留兼具风险相对较高，且无最大残留限量的特点，最大残留建议值依次为1、0.02 mg·kg-1。综合以上分析：样品存在农药残留，但其残留膳食风险均处安全水平，建议加快制定西瓜中吡虫啉和三唑磷的最大残留限量。

To clarify the types and residual risk levels of pesticide residues in watermelon and recommended maximum residue limit, 422 samples of watermelons from Shangdong, Xingjiang, Hainan and Guangxi in 2018 and 2019 were carried out of 60 kinds of pesticide residues of quantitative analysis, Then, the Analysis and discussion of Residual pesticide dietary risk, Relatively high risk residual pesticide types and Maximum residue limit based on risk assessment for acute and chronic dietary intake, Risk ranking Estimated maximum residue limits of pesticides, etc. The results showed that a total of 18 kinds of pesticide residue, Pesticides Pyrimethanil, Carbendazim, Acetamiprid, Dimethomorph had relatively high proportion, The proportions are 18.25%, 16.59%, 14.22%, 13.27%; the percentages of %ADI and %ARfD of pesticide residues ranged between 0.0000%～0.0112%, 0.1191%～39.7521%, much less than 100%; Three pesticides Emamectin benzoate, Pyridaben, Triazophos had relatively high risk scores, The risk scores are 24.02, 24.02, 24.12; 9 kinds of residual pesticides have not yet been established maximum residue limits, 8 pesticides meet the requirements of the established maximum residue limits. The characteristics of relatively high residue risk and no maximum residue limit Both imidacloprid and triazophos, The recommended maximum residue value is 1, 0.02 mg·kg-1. Based on the analysis of the above: pesticides residues in Samples, the levels of pesticide residues within the safety limit, It is recommended to speed up the formulation of maximum residue limits for imidacloprid and triazophos in watermelon.

基金项目：财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助（CARS-25）；农产品质量安全与优质化业务技术委托任务（CSQA-2020-05-13）；新疆维吾尔自治区天山雪松计划（2017XS07）；新疆特色果品中多种农药残留检测技术研究（201517106）