粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）是一种简单快捷的无损检测技术，该技术罕有海参及其非法添加剂的检测应用。本研究建立一种干海参中非法添加糖分的PXRD鉴定方法。对随机采购的8种市售干海参刺参（呈甄干海参、棒棰岛干海参、辽刺参、精品海参、俄罗斯海参、野生海参、财神岛干海参、长生岛干海参），获得PXRD谱及特征标记峰。运用有机分子晶体的PXRD谱模拟方法，鉴定糖分来源及其含量。结果表明：海参体壁没有任何种类的有机分子晶体，海参沙嘴主要成分为具有菱方结构的碳酸镁钙（Mg0.1Ca0.9CO3），人为掺入的蔗糖能够在干海参中结晶，形成能被PXRD技术探测的系列衍射峰。辽刺参中掺有糖分，被鉴定为蔗糖，其含量达4.45 g/100 g；呈甄干海参、棒棰岛干海参、辽刺参、精品海参、俄罗斯海参、野生海参、财神岛干海参、长生岛干海参中盐分含量分别为：3.62 g/100 g、4.40 g/100 g、3.55 g/100 g、2.87 g/100 g、1.60 g/100 g、15.56 g/100 g、2.35 g/100 g、3.90 g/100 g；呈甄干海参、棒棰岛干海参、精品海参、俄罗斯海参、野生海参、财神岛干海参、长生岛干海参中含沙量分别为：2.12 g/100 g、0.62 g/100 g、0.14 g/100 g、0.22 g/100 g、0.38 g/100 g、0.85 g/100 g、0.90 g/100 g。因此，PXRD技术适合于市售干海参糖分和盐分的质量控制。

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a simple and rapid non-destructive test technique, which has rarely been applied to the detection of sea cucumber and its illegal additives. In this work, a PXRD identification method was set up for detecting illegally-added sugar in dried sea cucumber. Eight kinds of commercial dried sea cucumbers (Cheng Zhen dried Sea cucumber, Bangchui Island dried sea cucumber, Liao sea cucumber, high-quality sea cucumber, Russian sea cucumber, wild sea cucumber, Caishen Island dried sea cucumber and Changsheng Island dried sea cucumber) were purchased randomly, and their PXRD patterns and characteristic mark peaks were obtained. The PXRD spectrum simulation of organic molecular crystals was applied to identify the origin and content of the sugar in the sea cucumbers. The results indicated that there were no organic molecular crystals existed in the body walls of sea cucumber, and the main component of sea cucumber sand mouth was magnesium calcium carbonate (Mg0.1Ca0.9CO3) with a rhombohedral structure. The artificially incorporated sucrose could crystallize in dried sea cucumber, thereby forming a series of diffraction peaks that were detected by PXRD technique. Sucrose was illegally added to Liao sea cucumber at a content of 4.45 g/100 g. The salt contents of Cheng Zhen dried Sea cucumber, Bangchui Island dried sea cucumber, Liao sea cucumber, high-quality sea cucumber, Russian sea cucumber, wild sea cucumber, Caishen Island dried sea cucumber and Changsheng Island dried sea cucumber were 3.62 g/100 g, 4.40 g/100 g, 3.55 g/100 g, 2.87 g/100 g, 1.60 g/100 g, 15.56 g/100 g, 2.35 g/100 g and 3.90 g/100 g, respectively. The sand contents of Cheng Zhen dried sea cucumber, Bangchui Island dried sea cucumber, high-quality sea cucumber, Russian sea cucumber, wild sea cucumber, Caishen Island dried sea cucumber and Changsheng Island dried sea cucumber were 2.12 g/100 g, 0.62 g/100 g, 0.14 g/100 g, 0.22 g/100 g, 0.38 g/100 g, 0.85 g/100 g and 0.90 g/100 g, respectively. Thus, the PXRD technique is suitable for quality control of sugars and salt in commercial dried sea cucumber.

长白山学者特聘教授支持计划（2015047）；吉林省中医药科技委托重点项目（2020037）