研究以两款市售电解清洗机为实验对象，观察该类清洗机对兽药残留降解能力。用酶联免疫试剂盒和胶体金试纸研究其对青霉素类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类、四环素类、β-受体激动剂类化合物等物质的降解效率及影响因素。用HPLC分析电解清洗机对猪肉和猪肝实际样本中兽药残留的作用效果。结果表明：电解清洗机能够有效降解水溶液中青霉素类、磺胺类、β-受体激动剂类化合物。对恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星等几种化合物降解效率低。对于50 mg/L孔雀石绿溶液，清洗机一（功率：DC24V/2.5A）降解完全需要6 min，而清洗机二（功率：DC24V/5A）仅2 min即可降解完全。对于100 mg/L孔雀石绿溶液，100 mg/L NaCl条件下，2 min降解完全；50 mg/L NaCl条件下需要4 min；25 mg/L NaCl条件下10 min仍不能完全降解。在孔雀石绿溶液中添加0.5%血清，清洗机作用10 min仍不能完全降解。猪肉和猪肝样本经电解清洗机作用后，沙丁胺醇、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、磺胺甲噁唑和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶残留量在80%以上。试验结果表明：电解清洗机作用效果受仪器功率、电解质种类和浓度、血清、样本状态等影响大。电解清洗机用于肉类食品中化合物残留降解，受影响因素多，不能确保有效去除肉产品中兽药残留。

This study used two commercially available electrolytic cleaners as experimental objects to examine their abilities to degrade veterinary drug residues. The degradation efficiency and influencing factors for the two cleaners to degrade substances like penicillins, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and β-agonists were investigated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and colloidal gold test strips. The effects of the electrolytic cleaner on the residual veterinary drug in actual pork and pig liver samples were studied by HPLC. The results show that the electrolytic cleaners could effectively degrade penicillins, sulfonamides and β-agonists in aqueous solutions, but exhibited low degradation efficiency towards other compounds such as enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. For the malachite green solution at 50 mg/L, the cleaner 1 (power: DC24V/2.5A) took 6 min for complete degradation, whilst the cleaner 2 (power: DC24V/5A) only required 2 min. For the malachite green solution at100 mg/L, the degradation was completed in 2 min in the presence of NaCl at 100 mg/L and in 4 min with 50 mg/L NaCl, but not completed with 25 mg/L NaCl even up to 10 min. The addition of 0.5% serum to the malachite green solution could not enable the cleaner to complete the degradation within 10 min. The residual amount of salbutamol, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethoxazole pyrimidine remained over 80%, after the pork and pig liver samples were subjected to the cleaner. The experimental results showed that the performance of the electrolytic cleaner was greatly affected by the power of the equipment, type and concentration of electrolyte, presence of serum and state of the samples. The degradation of residual compounds in meat products by using electrolytic cleaners is affected by many influencing factor, thus, this approach cannot ensure the effective removal of veterinary drug residues in meat products.

贵阳学院博士科研启动经费（GYU-ZRD[2018]-021）；贵阳市科技局贵阳学院专项资金（GYU-KYZ〔2018〕01-16）；贵州省科技厅基础研究计划项目（黔科合基础[2019]1013号）