[关键词]
[摘要]
我国是水产品养殖和消费大国,重金属污染是水产品安全面临的主要问题之一。含重金属的工业废水经河流排放到水域水体中,并且在水底的沉积物中沉积,造成养殖环境污染。而后经过食物链富集到生物体内,对水生生物本体和食用受污染水产品的人类都会引起健康问题。本文综述了近几年水域水体和沉积物中的重金属污染研究现状,并对污染严重的Cd、As、Pb三种重金属的毒性进行了概括,最后总结了现今对水产品风险评估的主要方法和研究现状。通过本文所引用文献分析,对比水体中的重金属污染,沉积物中的污染程度较大,多具有中等生态风险,故对水产品重金属污染影响较大。重金属对人体和水产品均有很强的毒性作用,根据众多风险评估研究结果表明,水产品重金属超标的情况仍较普遍,单因子污染指数和风险熵指数绝大多数小于1,无潜在健康风险,但依然存在高复合性污染的情况。
[Key word]
[Abstract]
China is a major producer and consumer of aquatic products, and heavy metal pollution is one of the main safety problems for aquatic products. The industrial wastewater containing heavy metals is discharged into the water bodies through the river and deposited in the sediments at the bottom of the water, causing the pollution of the aquaculture environment. Through the food chain, the heavy metals are enriched in the organisms, causing health problems to aquatic organisms and humans who eat contaminated aquatic products. This paper reviews the research status of heavy metal pollution in the water bodies and sediments in recent years, summarizes the toxicity of three seriously polluted heavy metals, Cd, As and Pb, and finally summarizes the main methods and research status of risk assessment of aquatic products. Through the analysis of the references cited in this paper and comparison of the heavy metal pollution in the water bodies, the extent of pollution in the sediments was found larger (most of which exhibited moderate ecological risk, indicating a great impact on the heavy metal pollution of aquatic products). Heavy metals have very strong toxic effects on the human body and aquatic products. According to the results of many risk assessment studies, heavy metals in aquatic products exceeding the standard level were commonly found, with most of the single factor pollution index and risk quotient index smaller than 1. These indicate that there is no potential health risk but highly complex pollution.
[中图分类号]
[基金项目]
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1600702);山东省现代农业产业技术体系藻类创新团队加工与质量安全控制岗(SDAIT-26-05);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SF1805301301);烟台市科技创新发展计划项目(2020MSGY072);自然资源部海洋生物活性物质与现代分析技术重点实验室开放基金(MBSMAT-2019-04)