本文以黄粉虫脱脂虫粉为原料，以蒸馏水为提取剂，在超声波下，从温度、功率、液料比和提取时间四个方面探究提取黄粉虫粗多糖的工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上，以黄粉虫粗多糖得率为响应值，采用响应面法优化黄粉虫粗多糖提取工艺。设计响应面试验结果表明，在超声波提取下，各因素对粗多糖得率的影响从大到小依次为：液料比>超声功率>提取温度>提取时间。在试验范围内最佳提取工艺为液料比25 mL/g、超声功率300 W、提取温度80 ℃、提取时间60 min，此时黄粉虫粗多糖得率理论值为2.10%，实测值为（2.12±0.04）%，与模型预测值相符，表明优化的黄粉虫粗多糖提取工艺合理。同时，与相同条件下的水热提取法相比，超声波的辅助提取的黄粉虫粗多糖得率得以提升。

In this paper, the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Tenebrio molitor were studied by using the ultrasonic methods with Tenebrio molitor as raw material and distilled water as extractant. The extraction conditions of crude polysaccharides were studied from four aspects: temperature, power, liquid-material ratio and extraction time. On the basis of single factor test, the response surface methodology was used to optimize the crude polysaccharides yield of Tenebrio molitor. Under the condition of ultrasonic extraction, the results showed that the influence of each factor on the yield ranged from the largest to the least: the ratio of liquid to solid, the ultrasonic power, the extraction temperature, the extraction time. The optimal extraction condition of crude polysaccharides yield is the ratio of liquid to solid 25 mL/g, ultrasonic power 300 W, extraction temperature 60 ℃, and extraction time 150 min. Under these conditions, crude polysaccharides yield of Tenebrio molitor is predicted as 2.10%. The measured crude polysaccharides yield reached (2.12±0.04) %, which was well matched with the model predicted yield, indicating that the optimized extraction process of crude polysaccharides from Tenebrio molitor was reasonable. At the same time, the yield of ultrasonically extracted crude polysaccharides from Tenebrio molitor was improved compared with the hydrothermal extraction method under the same conditions.

山西省重点研发计划项目(201703D221025-3)；山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201803D221011-11)；山西农业大学科研启动项目(2017YJ36)；山西省优秀博士来晋奖励项目(SXYBKY201717)