为探究养殖与野生大黄鱼品质的差异性，与现有主要养殖模式（深水网箱S1、围网S2、多通框网箱S3、池塘S4和筏式小网箱S5）中大黄鱼的外观、质构、基本营养、脂肪酸、氨基酸、风味物质和矿物元素等进行比较。结果表明，养殖和野生大黄鱼鳞片紧致、完整，体表光泽，粘液透明，眼球饱满；野生鱼的内聚性、弹性、咀嚼性、剪切力显著高于养殖鱼（p<0.05），养殖鱼间内聚性、剪切力差异不显著（p>0.05）；野生鱼的粗脂肪含量为9.76%，显著小于养殖鱼（10.74%~14.00%）（p<0.05），且其粗蛋白含量为21.02%，显著高于养殖鱼（17.05%~17.35%）（p<0.05）；野生和养殖大黄鱼的脂肪酸组成中Σ饱和脂肪酸（SFA）>Σ单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）>Σ多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA），而野生鱼的Σ（二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸）（EPA+DHA）为12.84%、ΣPUFA(n-6)为2.15%和ΣPUFA（n-3）为14.22%，均低于养殖鱼；野生鱼的总氨基酸（TAA）含量为14.64%、非必需氨基酸（NEAA）含量为7.40%、半必需氨基酸（SEAA）含量为1.31%和必需氨基酸（EAA）含量为5.93%，均显著高于养殖鱼（p<0.05）；野生和养殖鱼的次黄嘌呤核苷酸（IMP）含量分别为0.80 μmol/g和0.98~1.03 μmol/g，在所有呈味核苷酸中最高。野生鱼和养殖鱼常量元素含量Ca>K>Na>Mg，微量元素Cu含量最小。野生和养殖鱼Zn：Cu，野生、S1和S2的Zn：Fe，均在合理范围内。本研究可为提升养殖大黄鱼品质和优化养殖模式等提供依据。

In order to explore the difference in the quality of cultured and wild large yellow croakers, comparison was made among the large yellow croakers raised using the current farming modes (deep-water cage S1, seine S2, multi-pass cage S3, pond S4, and small raft cage S5) in terms of appearance, texture, basic nutrients, fatty acids, amino acids, flavor substances and mineral elements. The results showed that cultured and wild large yellow croaker scales were firm and intact, with a shiny surface, clear mucus, and full eyeballs. The cohesiveness, elasticity, chewiness and shearing force of wild fish were significantly higher than those of cultured fish (p<0.05), but insignificant difference was found in cohesiveness and shear force among the cultured fish (p>0.05); the crude fat content of wild fish (9.76%) was significantly lower than those of the cultured fish (10.74%~14.00%) (p<0.05), with the crude protein content (21.02%) significantly higher than those of cultured fish(17.05%~17.35%), (p<0.05). In terms of the fatty acid composition of the wild and cultured large yellow croakers, the decreasing order was: ΣSFA>ΣMUFA>ΣPUFA. Σ(EPA+DHA) (12.84%), ΣPUFA(n-6) (2.15%) and ΣPUFA(n-3) (14.22%) of wild fish were lower than those of the cultured fish; TAA(14.64%), The contents of the non-essential amino acid (NEAA, 7.40%), semi-essential amino acid (SEAA, 1.31%) and essential amino acid (EAA, 5.93%) of the wild fish were significant higher than those of cultured fish (p<0.05); The inosine monophosphate (IMP) content of the wild fish (0.80 μmol/g) and cultured fish (0.98~1.03 μmol/g) was the highest among all the flavor nucleotides. The contents of macroelements in the wild fish and cultured fish decreased in order of Ca>K>Na>Mg, and the microelement with the lowest content was Cu. The ratio of Zn: Cu for the wild and cultured fish, and the ratio of Zn: Fe for the wild fish and the S1 or S2 cultured fish, were all within reasonable limits. This study can provide a basis for improving the quality of cultured large yellow croakers and optimizing its culturing mode.

中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（东海水产研究所）资助项目（2018M04）；国家自然科学基金项目（31871872）