采用顶空固相微萃取法结合气相色谱质谱联用法，对枇杷叶、花和茎的挥发性成分进行分析和比较，面积归一化法计算各成分的相对含量，并进行主成分分析。枇杷叶中鉴定出29种化合物，占总挥发性成分的91.16%；枇杷花中鉴定出27种化合物，占总挥发性成分的99.99%；枇杷茎中鉴定出19种化合物，占总挥发性成分的90.05%。枇杷叶、花、茎中共鉴定出55种化合物，其中共有成分有6种，但枇杷叶、花、茎含有的特有成分分别为23、21、13种。2个主成分可代表3个样品的55种挥发性成分，样品之间的主成分分析综合评分具有较大的差异，枇杷叶的综合评分最高，枇杷花的综合评分其次，枇杷茎的综合评分最低。实验结果表明：枇杷叶、花、茎挥发性成分种类和含量存在较大差异。

The volatile components in the leaves, flowers and stems of loquat were analyzed and compared using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relative contents of individual components were calculated by the area normalization method while the principal components were also analyzed. Twenty nine compounds were identified in loquat leaves, accounting for 91.16% of the total volatile components; Twenty seven compounds were identified in loquat flowers, accounting for 99.99% of the total volatile components; Nineteen compounds were identified in the stems of loquat, accounting for 90.05% of the total volatile components. A total of 55 compounds were identified from the leaves, flowers and stems of loquat, among which 6 compounds were in common. The loquat leaves, flowers and stems had 23, 21 and 13, respectively, their own characteristic compounds. Two principal components were found to represent the 55 volatile components in the 3 types of samples. The Principal Component Analysis revealed a great difference in the comprehensive score among the samples, with the comprehensive score decreasing in this order: leaves > flowers > stems. The experimental results showed large differences in the species and contents of the volatile components among the leaves, flowers and stems of loquat.

湖北省技术创新专项重大项目（2016ACA146）