为探讨无水保活时间对斑点叉尾鮰生理应激和肌肉品质的影响，本文研究了二氧化碳无水保活的最佳工艺，及不同无水保活时间下的存活率。分析了保活前、保活（5、7、9、11 h）和复苏24 h后3种状态中血液生化和鱼肉蛋白质、脂肪、水分等品质指标。结果表明：无水保活鮰鱼的最佳条件是二氧化碳浓度为500~550 mg/L，保活温度为4~8 ℃和麻醉液温度6 ℃；休眠的鮰鱼在6 ℃培养箱保活5、7、9、11和13 h，存活率分别为100%、100%、99%、45%和20%；低温保活过程中水分和持水性没有显著性变化（p>0.05），肌肉中pH、蛋白质以及粗脂肪低于对照组，而肌糖原的含量显著下降（p<0.05）。尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性逐渐增高，其中GOT和BUN的活性与保活时间是最相关的。当保活时间达到9 h时，GOT从18.48 μmol/L增加到25.09 μmol/L：BUN从13.18 mmol/L增加到16.44 mmol/L。在复苏组中，保活9 h的鮰鱼血清中生化指标Cr、BUN和GOT的活性基本恢复到对照组的水平（p>0.05），而保活11 h的鮰鱼复苏后Cr、BUN和GOT活性与对照组相比显著增加（p<0.05），分别高出对照组52.41%、25.48%和48.24%。结论：二氧化碳休眠保活鮰鱼的最佳保活时间为9 h，保活时间延长，代谢缓慢，毒素无法排出体外，会对肾脏、肝脏造成不可逆的损伤。本研究结果为二氧化碳无水保活提供理论依据和技术支撑。

The effect of waterless keep alive time on biochemical index and muscle quality of Ictalurus punctatus was investigated. Optimum keep alive conditions of carbon dioxide and survival rate at different keep-alive time without water were studied in this experiment. The quality indexes of blood biochemistry and fish protein, fat and water content under different keep alive time (5, 7, 9, 11 h) were analyzed before and after waterless keep alive and 24 h after recovery. The results showed that the optimum concentration of CO2 and temperature of waterless keep alive are 500~550 mg/L and 4~8 ℃. The anesthetized Ictalurus punctatus with carbon dioxide were kept alive at 6 ℃ for 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 h respectively and then transferred to clear water to recover for 24 h. The survival rate is 100%, 100%, 95%, 45% and 20% respectively. As the keep alive time increases, water loss and water holding time have no significant changes (p<0.05). The pH, protein and crude fat in muscle were lower than those in control group, but the content of muscle glycogen was significantly decreased (p<0.05). The activities of urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and transaminase (GOT) in waterless keep alive group were significantly higher than those in the control and recovery groups(p<0. 05). The activity of GOT and BUN is most closely related to the keep alive time. When the keep alive time was 9 h, GOT increased from 18.48μmol/L to 25.09 μmol/L, BUN increased from 13.18 mmol/L to 16.44 mmol/L, and their activities increased significantly (p<0.05). After recovery in clear water for 24 h, the blood indexes of Cr, BUN and GOT basically recovered to the levels of the control group(p>0.05). When the keep alive time was 11h, their activities of Cr, BUN and GOT increased significantly (p<0.05), which was 52.41%, 25.48% and 48.24% higher than those of the control group respectively. Conclusion: The best keep alive time anesthetized with carbon dioxide is 9 h. The metabolism of Ictalurus punctatus is slow and the toxin can’t be discharged in vitro with the prolongation of the waterless keep alive time, and it will cause irreversible damage to the kidney and liver. The results in this study would provide information for studying the application of waterless keep alive transportation of Ictalurus punctatus.

现代农业产业技术体系专项资金资助（CARS-46）；湖北省科技特派员项目；湖北省农业科技创新中心项目（2018-620-000-001-036）资助