油脂来源广泛、营养丰富，在医药、食品及化妆品等领域中具有很高的应用价值，但因含有不饱和脂肪酸而易被氧化变质，使其应用受到一定的限制。微胶囊技术是一项具有很高实用价值并被广泛应用的新技术。采用微胶囊化技术可将油脂包埋形成微胶囊，一方面可以将油脂与空气隔离，防止被氧化，同时可以掩蔽不良风味；另一方面，油脂的微胶囊化可以改善油脂的多方面性质，使其转化成固体粉末，并使其获得更多的特殊功能，拓宽油脂的应用范围。本文将主要围绕微胶囊的结构组成、微胶囊的制备方法、微胶囊释放机制、油脂微胶囊化的优势及微胶囊化技术在各类油脂中的应用现状进行综述，为油脂微胶囊化研究提供一些理论依据，为油脂产品或其他生物活性物质进一步的使用和开发提供借鉴。

Lipids including oils widely exist in nature and are rich in nutrients, thus, they have high application value in the fields of medicine, food and cosmetics. However, they are easily oxidized and deteriorated owing to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids, which limits their applications. Microencapsulation is an advanced technology with high practical value and has been widely applied in many fields. This technology can encapsulate lipids into microcapsules, by which lipids can not only be separated from oxygen in air to prevent oxidation and mask bad flavors, but also improve their different properties. In addition, microencapsultion can convert lipids into solid powders to offer special functions, which further broaden the applications of lipids. This article will provide an overview, focusing on the structure, preparation and release mechanism of microcapsules, as well as the advantages and application of microencapsulation technologies for different lipids. This review provides some theoretical basis for the study of oil microencapsulation of lipids, and offers reference for further use and development of lipid products or other bioactive substances.

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2572017EA03）；黑龙江省自然科学基金项目（C2015051）