为探究钙盐及超声作用对南极磷虾中各形态氟的脱除效果,测定南极磷虾肉中不同形态氟的基础上，采用超声辅助六种不同钙盐对南极磷虾虾肉进行脱氟，结果表明：南极磷虾肉中，不同形态氟由高到低依次为：可交换态氟>水溶态氟>氧化态氟>残渣态氟>有机束缚态氟，分别占总氟含量的32.91%、25.59%、17.02%、15.13%、9.35%，其中可交换态氟和水溶态氟含量占优。超声辅助钙盐的脱氟率比单独使用钙盐有很大提高，其中柠檬酸钙、氯化钙和乳酸钙的脱氟效果最好，脱氟率分别达到了（40.81±3.29）%、（40.15±0.06）%和（40.06±1.42）%，三组之间无显著性差异（p>0.05）。其中水溶态氟和可交换态氟是生物有效性氟，乳酸钙、氯化钙和柠檬酸钙三种钙盐对二者总的脱除率分别达到68.66%、65.78%、62.69%，脱除效果最好；氧化态氟可被部分脱除，柠檬酸钙、氯化钙和乳酸钙对其脱氟率分别为27.50%、24.45%和23.14%；有机束缚态氟和残渣态氟很难被脱除，最高脱除率分别为11.45%和6.82%。但氧化态氟、有机束缚态氟和残渣态氟是非有效性氟，对人体危害不大。因此乳酸钙、氯化钙和柠檬酸钙是比较理想的脱氟剂。

In order to explore the effects of calcium salts and ultrasound on the removal of various forms of fluoride in Antarctic krill, and to determine the different forms of fluoride in Antarctic krill meat, ultrasound-assisted six different calcium salts were used to defluorinate Antarctic krill shrimp meat. The results showed that the different forms of fluorine contents in the Antarctic krill meat were as follows: exchangeable fluorine>water soluble fluorine>oxidized fluorine>residual fluorine>organic bound fluorine, accounting for 32.91%, 25.59%, 17.02%, 15.13%, 9.35% of the total fluorine content, respectively. Among them, the exchangeable fluorine and water soluble fluorine are dominant. The defluoridation rate of ultrasound-assisted calcium salt was greatly improved compared to the use of calcium salt alone, among which calcium citrate, calcium chloride and calcium lactate had the best defluorination effect, and the defluorination rate reached 40.81±3.29%, 40.15±0.06% and 40.06±1.42%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the three groups(p>0.05). Among them, water soluble fluorine and exchangeable fluorine were bioavailable fluorine, and the total removal rates of the two calcium salts, calcium lactate, calcium chloride and calcium citrate, reached 68.66%, 65.78% and 62.69%, respectively. The effect was best. The oxidized fluorine can be partially removed. The defluorination rates of calcium citrate, calcium chloride and calcium lactate were 27.5%, 24.45% and 23.14%, respectively; the organic bound fluorine and the residual fluorine were difficult to be removed, the highest removal rates were 11.45% and 6.82%, respectively. However, the oxidized fluorine, the organic bound fluorine and the residual fluorine are non-effective fluorine, which is not harmful to the human body. Therefore, calcium lactate, calcium chloride and calcium citrate are ideal defluorinating agents.

国家科技支撑计划（2015BAD17B02）；国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）（2011AA090801）