本文分析了蜜蜂巢脾多糖的理化性质、急性毒性及其对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节和抗氧化作用。高效液相色谱及光谱法等检测其理化性质，结果表明，巢脾多糖总糖含量75.77%，蛋白质含量13.82%，糖醛酸含量0.19%，还原糖含量4.20%，主要由阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖等单糖组成，不含多酚类物质。巢脾多糖雌、雄性小鼠经口耐受剂量>10000 mg/kg，属实际无毒级别。构建了免疫抑制小鼠模型，以灌胃方式给予不同剂量巢脾多糖，结果显示，与模型组相比，巢脾多糖四个剂量对小鼠血清溶血素水平、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性影响显著（p<0.05），其中中剂量组（100 mg/kg）差异极显著（p<0.01），此剂量下，小鼠血清OD值、SOD及CAT活性分别提高至0.09、125.07 U/mgprot、13.85 U/mL，MDA含量降低至4.89 nmol/mL。表明巢脾多糖可有效提高免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化能力，在医药和食品领域具有较好的开发潜力。

In this study, physicochemical properties, acute toxicity, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative effects of polysaccharides isolated from honeycomb on the immunosuppressed mice were analyzed. Physicochemical properties of polysaccharides isolated were investigated by the high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry. The results showed that honeycomb polysaccharides contained 75.77% total sugar, 13.83% protein, 0.19% uronic acid, 4.20% reducing sugar, and they did not contain polyphenols. The composition of honeycomb polysaccharides mainly includes arabinose, glucose, galactose and so on. The oral acute toxicity test revealed that the oral tolerance dose of honeycombe polysaccharides for both male and female mice was larger than 10000 mg/kg, which belonged to the actual non-toxic level. Immunosuppressive mice model was established, and immunosuppressed mice were administrated at different doses of honeycomb polysaccharides. The results showed that compared with the model group, all the different doses of polysaccharides could significantly increase the content of hemolysin and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and also significantly decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. The medium-dose group showed significant differences compared to the model group (p < 0.01). In this dosage, the OD value, the activity of SOD and CAT in serum were increased to 0.09, 125.07 U/mgprot and 13.85 U/ml respectively. In addition, the content of MDA decreased to 4.89 nmol/ml. This result indicated that the honeycomb polysaccharides could effectively antagonize cyclophosphamide-induced immune suppression and enhance antioxidant function in immunosuppressed mice, had good development potential in the field of medicine and food.

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（31502020）；江苏农牧科技职业技术学院重点科研课题（NSFRC1401）；江苏农牧科技职业技术学院科研课题（NSFPT201521）；校企合作课题（00010115004）；农业部产业技术蜂体系（CARS-45-SYZ6）