本文研究了石河子地区乳源性金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况、毒力特性及耐药性。对24份零售鲜奶样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测，PCR方法检测nuc、16S rRNA和7种毒力基因，利用Kirby-Bauer法对分离得到的金黄色葡萄球菌进行了12种抗生素的药物敏感试验。共分离55株疑似乳源性金黄色葡萄球菌，nuc和16S rRNA基因PCR扩增检测结果中有20株菌为阳性。毒力基因检测结果中有5株（5/20；25%）携带毒力基因，其中3株携带Coa（3/5；60%），1株携带Sei（1/5；20%），1株携带Sea+Sec+Coa（1/5；20%）。发现20株金黄色葡萄球菌中有19株对所测试的一种或多种抗生素具有抗性，且19株均对亚胺培南和氯霉素敏感。本文为指导抗生素在人类临床和动物饲养中的合理应用提供重要的参考性数据，为乳品中有害金黄色葡萄球菌的风险评估提供理论依据。

The aim of this work was to investigate the contamination, virulence characteristics, and drug resistance of milk-derived Staphylococcus aureus in the Shihezi region. The quantitative detection of S. aureus was carried out on 24 retail milk samples, and the presence of nuc, 16S rRNA, and virulence genes was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Kirby–Bauer method was used to test the sensitivity of S. aureus to 12 antibiotics. A total of 55 suspected isolates of milk-derived S. aureus were obtained, and 20 isolates were positive in nuc and 16S rRNA gene PCR amplification assays. The virulence gene detection revealed five (5/20; 25%) S. aureus isolates carrying virulence genes, [three isolates carrying Coa (3/5; 60%), one isolate carrying Sei (1/5; 20%), and one isolate carrying Sea + Sec + Coa (1/5; 20%)]. Nineteen out of 20 isolates of S. aureus were found to be resistant to one or more of the tested antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. All the 19 isolates were sensitive to imipenem and chloramphenicol. This paper provides important reference data for rational application of antibiotics in clinical practice and animal breeding and provides the theoretical basis for the risk assessment of harmful S. aureus strains in dairy products.

石河子大学重大科技攻关计划项目（gxjs2015-zdgg65）；国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目（201610759045）