采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法和随机扩增多态性DNA（Random Amplified Polymorphic，RAPD）分型法对23株水源性铜绿假单胞菌进行耐药性及遗传多样性研究。药敏实验结果显示，23株分离株对磺胺甲基异恶唑/甲氧苄氨嘧啶(SXT)、四环素(TE)、米诺环素(MH)的耐药率分别为69.4%、13.2%和39.2%，对另外13种抗生素的敏感性几乎100%。RAPD-PCR指纹图谱聚类分析显示，在相对系数为62%时，引物208将24株菌分为5簇（A~E），其中C为主要的簇，引物272将24株菌分为4簇（F~I），其中I和G簇为主要的簇。23株分离株中无耐药菌株主要集中在B簇，3株多重耐药菌株集中在D簇，对SXT、MH耐药菌株主要集中在I簇。本研究发现水源性铜绿假单胞菌具有较高的遗传多样性，且存在多重耐药，为水源性铜绿假单胞菌的污染溯源和控制提供了相应的数据支持。

The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing were used to study the antibiotic resistance and the genetic diversity of 23 waterborne Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. The susceptibility test showed that the drug resistance rates of the 23 P. aeruginosa isolates to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), tetracycline (TE), and minocycline hydrochloride (MH) were 69.4%, 13.2%, and 39.2%, respectively, while they showed an almost 100% susceptibility to the other 13 antibiotics tested. Cluster analysis of the RAPD-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprints showed that at a similarity coefficient of 62%, the strains were grouped into five clusters (A~E, cluster C as the dominant cluster) and four clusters (F~I, clusters I and G as the dominant clusters) by primers 208 and 272, respectively. Among 23 strains, those with no drug resistance were mostly grouped into cluster B, three multidrug-resistant isolates were grouped into cluster D, and cluster I contained most of the isolates that were resistant to SXT and MH. The results from this study revealed that waterborne P. aeruginosa strains have a high genetic diversity and multiple drug resistance, and provide corresponding supporting data for the tracking and control of waterborne P. aeruginosa contamination.

国家自然基金项目（31301478）