本文以玉米醇溶蛋白为载体材料、二甲基亚砜/二氯甲烷为混合溶剂、超临界二氧化碳为反溶剂，通过超临界溶析技术制备了虾青素负载微粒。采用OA16(45)正交实验探讨了溶剂配比、温度、压力、载体材料浓度和进样流量等影响因素对虾青素负载微粒的包封率、形貌和粒径的影响，方差分析结果表明适宜操作条件为DMSO/DCM(1:2，V/V)，T=42 ℃，P=80 bar，C=3 g/L，F=1.5 mL/min，在上述条件下，虾青素负载微粒的包封率为94.4%、平均粒径为385.4 nm。SEM结果表明，虾青素负载微粒为表面光滑的球形；FT-IR结果表明经过超临界溶析处理后虾青素的化学结构并没有发生变化；XRD结果表明虾青素被包裹于载体材料玉米醇溶蛋白中，实现了载体材料对虾青素隔离保护的作用，贮存稳定性实验结果表明，虾青素的稳定性在负载微粒中得到大幅提高。

Astaxanthin-loaded microparticles were created using a supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process in this study, with zein as the carrier material, a mixture of dichloromethane and dimethyl sulfoxide as co-solvent, and supercritical carbon dioxide as the anti-solvent. The effects of five operating conditions, i.e., solvent ratio, temperature, pressure, concentration of carrier materials, and solution flow rate, on astaxanthin encapsulation rate, particle morphology, and mass median diameter (Dp50) were investigated using an OA25 (55) orthogonal experimental design. Analysis of variance indicated that the optimal operating conditions were as follows: DMSO/DCM (1:2, V/V), T = 42 ℃, P=80 bar, C=3 g/L, and F=1.5 mL/min. Under these conditions, the astaxanthin encapsulation rate was 94.4% and Dp50 was 385.4 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that most of the particles had a spherical shape with a smooth surface, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy suggested that the chemical structure of astaxanthin was not changed after the SAS process. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated that astaxanthin was embedded completely in zein, and the protective effect of the carrier material on astaxanthin was achieved. The results of storage tests indicated that the stability of astaxanthin was improved significantly after loading.

国家自然科学基金项目（21476086）；广州市科技计划项目（201601010290）