针对现有三工位去核机对不同大小和品种的红枣去核时需要更换不同规格的夹具，从而造成适应性差、工作效率低等问题，结合各类红枣的外观形状及枣核的尺寸参数，基于弹性夹具与旋转轴线定位原理设计了一种采用新型夹具的单工位去核机，包括去核机主传动系统的设计以及新型夹具和去核系统关键机构的设计；下夹具的旋转实现红枣的轴向定位，弹性架设计使夹具对不同红枣具有适应性，减去了去核机更换夹具的过程；利用UG软件建立单工位红枣去核机的样机模型，并结合去核系统的组成结构与工作原理，对去核系统的模型进行适当简化，再利用虚拟样机技术软件ADAMS对去核系统在工作状态下的运动规律与受力状况进行仿真分析；最后对单工位红枣去核机的去核系统进行模拟试验，验证其合理性。结果表明，去核率达95%，成品率达91.5%，平均果肉损失率为3.75%。该红枣去核机可以满足实际生产要求，去核效率达21600枚/h，高于现有红枣去核机的去核效率。

Currently available triple-station jujube pit-removal machines require frequent changes of different sizes of fixtures when red jujubes of different size and variety are processed. This leads to poor adaptability, low work efficiency, and other issues. In order to solve these problems, a single-station pit-removal machine was designed based on an elastic fixture and the principle of rotational axis positioning, with a consideration of the dimensions of all kinds of jujubes and the parameters of their pits. The project included designing a novel fixture, the main transmission system, and the structure of key components. The axial positioning of red jujubes was achieved by the rotation of the lower fixture in the direction of the axis, while the design of the elasticity frame allowed the fixture to adapt to different sizes of red jujubes, thus avoiding the step of changing fixtures. A prototype model of single-station jujube pit-removal machine was built using UG software and appropriately simplified based on the structures of the components and the working principle of the pit-removal system. Subsequently, the pattern of movement and the stress conditions during operation was simulated by ADAMS virtual prototype software. Finally, a simulation with the single-station jujube pit-removal machine was carried out to validate its rationale. The results indicated that the pit-removal rate was 95%, the production yield was 91.5%, and the average rate of pulp loss was 3.75%. This jujube pit-removal machine satisfies the requirement of actual production and the pit removal rate was up to 21600 fruits per hour, which is higher than that of existing jujube pit-removal machines.

国家自然科学基金项目（31271973）；山西省自然科学基金项目（2012011030-3）