本文研究了玫瑰蜂花粉中游离态和结合态酚酸类物质含量和组成；采用铁离子还原能力、ABTS和DPPH自由基清除能力三种模型评价其抗氧化能力；同时测定了其对蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用；并进一步研究了对B16细胞的增殖形态、黑色素含量和酪氨酸酶活性的影响。结果表明，蜂花粉中游离态和结合态的总酚含量分别为23.36和1.47 mg GAE/g干重（DW），总黄酮含量为19.12和2.42 mg RE/g DW。酚酸类物质大多以游离态形式存在，富含槲皮素和芦丁，而结合态中鞣花酸和3,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸含量较高；游离态和结合态多酚在三种模型中均显示较好的抗氧化活性；抑制蘑菇酪氨酸酶活性IC50分别为22.26和26.34 μg/mL，显著高于Vc；一定程度上影响了B16细胞的增殖和形态，同时显著降低细胞内相对黑色素含量和酪氨酸酶活性。玫瑰蜂花粉中不同形态多酚的活性与其酚酸的含量和组成有直接的关系。

The content and composition of free and bound phenolic acids in rose bee pollen were studied in this paper. Their antioxidant activity was evaluated by three models: ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging capacities. Their inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase activity were also determined, and their effects on cell proliferation, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity in B16 melanoma cells were studied. The content of free and bound total phenolics in rose bee pollen were 23.36 mg GAE/g dry weight (DW) and 1.47 mg GAE/g DW, respectively, and the content of free and bound total flavonoid were 19.12 and 2.42 mg RE/g DW, respectively. The phenolic compounds existed mainly in the free form, with high levels of quercetin and rutin. The content of ellagic acid and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid were relatively high in the bound extract of rose pollen. Both free and bound polyphenolics showed good antioxidant activities in three models, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity were 26.34 μg/mL and 22.26 μg/mL, respectively, which were significantly better than that of Vc. Rose bee pollen phenolic extract also affected the cell proliferation and morphology of B16 cells to some extent, and pronouncedly reduced the relative melanin content and tyrosinase activity in B16 cells. The activities of different forms of phenolic extract from rose bee pollen were obviously related to the phenolic composition and content.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31301456）