有机溶剂对微生物细胞的毒性作用会影响全细胞催化剂在有机介质中催化反应的效率和稳定性。本文研究了11种logP值不同的有机溶剂对黑曲霉Aspergillus niger GIM 3.25的孢子、菌丝球和催化效率的毒性作用，结果表明：所研究的有机溶剂中，甲醇、乙腈、甲苯、叔戊醇对微生物的孢子形态产生明显的改变；其中甲醇、乙腈、甲苯会导致孢子变形甚至破裂，叔戊醇致使孢子的形态完全变化，孢子的直径变小，表面变光滑。与对照组相比，有机溶剂还对Aspergillus niger GIM 3.25菌丝成球状况、菌丝质量和所成菌丝的催化效应产生损害作用，其中丙酮、异丙醇、异辛烷的毒性作用最低，甲醇、乙腈、氯仿毒性作用较高；氯仿甚至抑制了菌丝球的形成。有机溶剂对孢子和菌丝体的毒性作用未与有机溶剂的logP值呈现出相关关系。本研究将为推动真菌全细胞催化剂在非水介质中的广泛应用及具有溶剂抗性真菌菌株的筛选提供良好的依据和参考。

The toxic effects of 11 kinds of organic solvents on microbial cell were investigated. It was found that methanol, acetonitrile and methylbenzene had evident toxic effects on the surface morphologies of A. niger spores, forcing the spores deformation and even rupture. After incubated with t-Amyl alcohol, the morphology of the A. niger spores showed significant changes in both surface and size. Organic solvents also affected the mycelium morphology, the growth of A. niger and their catalytic abilities. Methanol, acetonitrile and chloroform had the higher toxicities than other solvents, while acetone, isopropanol and isooctane had lower cell toxicities. No evident relationship between solvent toxicity and the logP values of the solvents was found in this research.

国家自然科学基金（31270636）；中央高校基本业务费重点项目（2015zz111）