为明确不同品种葡萄果实采后品质和挥发性物质的差异，本文通过顶空固相微萃取及气相-质谱联用技术（HS-SPME-GC-MS）测定4个不同品种葡萄新鲜果实挥发性物质成分和相对含量，并以电子鼻辅助验证，对其品质特性进行分析与探讨。结果表明：4个品种葡萄成熟果实的品质指标品种间差异较大。无核寒香蜜品种果实的可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量较高，香悦维生素C含量高，硬度大。4个品种葡萄成熟果实中共检测到87种挥发性物质，主要成分为醇类、酯类和醛类。不同品种间主要挥发性物质存在差异。香悦、玫瑰香、金手指和无核寒香蜜葡萄品种果实中挥发性物质相对含量最高的物质分别为乙酸乙酯、沉香醇、青叶醛和乙酸乙酯，呈现出的风味分别为草莓香味、浓郁玫瑰香味、新鲜绿叶香味和草莓香味。利用电子鼻对不同品种葡萄果实挥发性物质进行主成分分析和线性判别分析，可以将4个品种葡萄完全区分开。因此，本试验明确了不同品种葡萄果实采后品质的差异，电子鼻结合GC-MS方法可以有效评价其挥发性物质差异。

To understand the quality and volatile substances in different grape varieties, the components and relative contents of volatile substances in the fresh grapes of four different varieties were measured using head space solid-phase micro extraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. An electronic nose (E-nose) was used to verify the results, and the quality characteristics were analyzed. Significant differences were found in the quality indicators among the four varieties. Among them, seedless Han Xiang-mi had a relatively high soluble solid content and titratable acidity, and Xiang Yue had high vitamin C content and fruit firmness. From the matured fruits of the four varieties, 87 volatile substances were detected and most of them were alcohols, esters and aldehydes. Differences were also found in the volatile substance content. Xiang Yue, Muscat Hambourg, Jin Shou-zhi, and Han Xiang-mi had the highest relative content of ethyl acetate, linalool, leaf aldehyde and ethyl acetate, respectively, and the corresponding flavors were strawberry flavor, rich aroma of roses, fresh green leafy aroma, and strawberry flavor, respectively. The volatile substances were also analyzed by the electronic nose, principal component analysis, and linear discriminant analysis, which could successfully differentiate the four different varieties. Therefore, the post-harvest quality differences in grapes were determined and the approach employing an electronic nose combined with GC-MS can effectively evaluate the volatile substances in grapes.

“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD38B01）；天津市科技计划项目(15ZCZDNC00140)；