近年来发展起来的上转换发光纳米技术正成为研究的热点。与放射性同位素标记，酶标记、化学发光标记以及有机荧光染料和量子点等其他荧光材料标记相比，上转换发光纳米技术具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、选择性好、便于观察、操作简单且不损伤样本、无背景荧光等诸多优点，克服了放射性污染、酶不稳定、灵敏度差、化学发光重现性差等缺点，在细胞和组织成像研究、生物分子定量检测等方面有着广泛的应用，取得了令人瞩目的研究成果。本文介绍了上转换发光纳米材料的激发态吸收等3种发光机制、发光材料组成、水热法等4种合成方法以及硅烷化法等6种表面修饰方法。在此基础上对上转换发光纳米技术在食品安全检测中的应用进行了总结和展望。

Upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles technology) is a new emerging technique that has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Compared with other labeling techniques such as radioisotopic labeling, enzymatic labeling, chemiluminescent labeling, organic fluorescent dyes, and quantum dots (QDs), upconversion fluorescence nanoparticles have unique advantages such as high photostability, high detection sensitivity, good selectivity, easyobservation and operation, no damage to the sample, and no background fluorescence. In addition, this technique has overcome several shortcomings of other prevalent methods, such as radioactive contamination, enzyme-instability, poor sensitivity, and poor reproducibility of chemiluminescence. It has been widely applied to imaging studies of cells and tissues, quantitative detection of biomolecules, etc., and has achieved remarkable outcomes. In this study, three upconversion mechanisms of UCNPs (e.g., excited-state absorption), their composition, four preparation methods (e.g., hydrothermal method), and six surface modification methods (e.g., Stober method) were reviewed. Subsequently, it provides a perspective to the application of UPNT in food inspection.

广东省科技计划项目(2011B031500025)；广东省自然科学基金（S2011010006107）