肥胖与肠道菌群对能量的过度摄入有密切的关系。目前发现人体肠道中与肥胖有关的细菌主要有厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门细菌，其中梭菌属是厚壁菌门中非常重要而且数量庞大的一类菌。研究表明肠道梭菌属细菌代谢是导致机体能量摄入过度的主要原因之一。此外，肠道菌的多糖水解酶降解膳食纤维产生短链脂肪酸提供机体额外的能量，细菌脂多糖的吸收增多促进机体能量过度摄入，饥饿诱导脂肪因子的表达受到抑制时能量更容易以脂肪的形式蓄积，这些因素均与肥胖的形成有密切关系。但是目前对肠道梭菌在以下几个方面的作用仍未被阐明：1）梭菌是否是多糖水解酶的主要来源；2）多糖水解酶产生的短链脂肪酸对能量摄入的贡献；3）梭菌占优对细菌脂多糖的产生与吸收的影响；以及4）梭菌对FIAF表达的影响等。本文提出了可能的机制，为进一步的研究提供参考。

Obesity is colsely relative to the over-ingestion of gut microbiota on energy. It has been discovered that obesity is connected with bacteria of gut Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes recently. Reports present that Clostridum spp. is mainly responsible for the overenergy ingestion of body. Additionally, glycan-hydrolyzing enzymes from gut microbiota can break dietary fibres and produce short chain fatty acids that provide extra energy for body; more absorbance of bacterial lipopolysaccharide enhances the over-ingestion of energy; and energy can easily deposit as fat when the expression of fasting -induced adipose factor (FIAF) is inhibited. The above factors have all been reported to relate to obesity. But it remains unclear about what roles Clostridum spp. play during the process, including the main scource of the glycan-hydrolyzing enzymes, the contribution of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) during overenergy ingestion, the impact of Clostridum spp. on the production and absorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and the factors influencing the expression of FIAF. This paper provided possible mechanism of Clostridum spp. involving in the process, which might be a reference for further study.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(31271849)