传统杀菌剂和抗生素的长期大量使用不但导致部分病原微生物和环境害虫产生耐药性，同时也存在着严重的环境和健康风险。因此继续寻找和开发不易产生耐药性的新型抗菌物质显得非常迫切，也具有重要意义，天然抗菌肽是一类小分子阳离子肽，是机体天然防御系统的重要组成部分。它们具有较宽的抗菌活性和不同于传统抗生素的作用机制。部分抗菌肽对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌、真菌、寄生虫、包膜病毒和癌细胞均不同程度的抑制和杀伤作用。抗菌肽在抑制病原微生物方面的特性使其有望成为传统杀菌剂和抗生素的替代物，在医疗工业和食品添加剂行业具有很好的应用前景。抗菌肽的分离纯化本文对抗菌肽研究进行了概述，其中重点分析了抗菌肽在提取分离及抑菌机理领域的研究进展。

Long-term use of antiseptic and antibiotics has led to the development of resistance among pathogens and other pests as well as the increase of environmental and health risks. Thus, there is a significant and urgent need to find new antibiotics which hardly to induce resistance. Natural antimicrobial peptides, which are the critical component of the natural defense system, are kinds of small cationic peptides with broad antimicrobial activity, and possess a different mode of action compared to traditional antibiotics. Several antimicrobial peptides can inhibit and kill Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, parasite, enveloped virus and cancer cells. Antimicrobial peptides are considered as new substitutes for conventional antimicrobials and antibiotics because of their efficiency in fighting against pathogens, and have a very good application prospect in pharmaceuticals and food additive industries. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of antimicrobial peptides，and emphatically analyzed the extraction, isolation of the peptides and their antibacterial mechanism.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（31171768）