以异丙醇铝（AIP）为原料，聚氨酯（PU）作为偶联剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法，制备了较为稳定的功能化纳米Al2O3/PU溶胶。通过研究凝胶制备工艺过程中的水解温度、水铝比（摩尔比）、酸铝比（摩尔比）、酸解剂、以及陈化温度和时间等因素对溶胶粒径和粘度等的影响，得到了制备稳定、透明功能纳米Al2O3溶胶的最佳工艺条件，即水解温度：80 ℃；n(H2O)/n(Al3+)=105；n(H+)/n(Al3+)=0.24；酸解剂：HNO3；陈化温度：80 ℃；陈化时间：24 h。采用纳米粒度分析仪、红外光谱分析（FI-IR）等手段对溶胶的性能和结构进行了表征，结果表明：功能化纳米Al2O3/PU溶胶的粒径范围在40~120 nm之间，粘度范围在4~10 mPa?s, 而且PU的添加使得亲水性集团羟基，碳碳双键和酮羰基等化学键基团成功地引入到Al2O3/PU溶胶，使得AIP和PU之间通过化学键更好的交联，增强了溶胶的强度。

The functionalized nano-Al2O3/PU sol was prepared in a sol-gel process, using aluminium isopropoxide (AIP) as raw material and polyurethane (PU) as a coupling agent. The effects of hydrolysis temperature, n(H2O)/n(Al3+), n(H+)/n(Al3+), peptization agent, aging temperature and time on the particle size and viscosity of the sol were studied. The optimal conditions for preparing stable and transparent functionalized nano-Al2O3 sol were obtained as hydrolysis temperature 80 ℃, n(H2O)/n(Al3+) 105, n(H+)/n(Al3+) 0.24, HNO3 as peptization agent, aging temperature 80 ℃ and aging time 24 h. The properties and structure of the sol were characterized by Nano particle analyzer and FI-IR. The results indicated that the particle size and viscosity of Al2O3/PU sol ranged from 40 to 120 nm and 4 to 10 mPa?s, respectively. C=C double bond and the hydrophilic groups, such as hydroxyl group and carboxyl group were successfully introduced to the functionalized nano-Al2O3/PU sol, which can enhance the chemical bond between AIP and PU and increase the strength of the sol.

国家自然科学基金项目（21176092）